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舒服英文范文1
Date of Signature:____________________.
Place of Signature:____________________.
This Contract is made and entered into through friendly negotiation by and between China____________________ (hereinafter referred to as “Client”), as one party, and____________________ (hereinafter referred to as“Consultant”),as the other party, concerning the technical consultancy service of__________, under the following terms and conditions:
Article 1 Contents of Technical Consultancy Service
1.1 Whereas Client desires to obtain the technical consultancy service of from Consultant and Consultant has agreed to perform such services.
1.2 The Scope of Technical Services is defined in Appendix 1.
1.3 The Time Schedule for the Services is shown in Appendix 2.
1.4 The Manning Schedule is described in Appendix 3.
1.5 Consultant shall complete the Services within__________months from the Effective Date of this Contract and furnish the final technical service report, including drawings, designing documents, all kinds of standards and photos, within____months. Consultant shall keep aware, free of charge, Client of the latest development of similar projects and any progress made in order to improve the designing of the project.
Article 2 Both Parties' Responsibility and Liability
2.1 Client shall furnish to Consultant the pertinent data, technical service reports, maps and information available to him and shall give to Consultant the reasonable assistance necessary for carrying out of his duties. Particularly Client shall nominate a general representative who shall be available at reasonable time.
2.2 Client shall assist Consultant with the responsible authorities for obtaining visas, work permits and other documents required by Consultant to enter the country and to have access to the Site of the Project. The above expenses shall be borne by Consultant.
2.3 Consultant shall furnish a sufficient number of competent personnel to perform its obligation hereunder, in addition to those personnel specifically listed in Appendix 3. All personnel employed by Consultant in carrying out the work shall be exclusively Consultant's responsibility, and Consultant shall hold Client harmless from any claims of any kind by Consultant's personnel arising out of any acts by Consultant or its personnel in connection with the work performed hereunder.
2.4 Consultant shall provide Client all the technical technical service reports and relevant documentation within the Scope of Technical Services and within the Time Schedule of the Time Schedule for the Services.
2.5 Consultant shall assist Client＇S personnel in his country in obtaining visas and in arranging lodgings. Hotel and boarding expenses shall be borne by Client. Consultant shall supply to Client＇S personnel office space and necessary facilities as well as transportation.
2.6 Consultant shall be responsible for and shall indemnify Client and his employee in respect of injury to person or damage to property occurring in connection with the services, to the extent that such damage or injury directly results from negligence of Consultant's personnel while engaged in activities under this Contract.Consultant shall be liable only to the work under this Contract.
2.7 Any and all liability of Consultant with respect to this Contract shall be limited to the Total Contract Price received by Consultant for his profession services and shall terminate upon expiration of the warranty period set forth in Article 7.3.
Article 3 Price and Payment
3.1 The total contract price is__________(say __________________only) in________(currency). The breakdown prices of the above mentioned total contract price are as follows:
Contract Price for Item 1: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 2: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 3: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 4: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency).
3.2 The total contract price will include all the service and technology provided by Consultant. The total contract price shall be firm and fixed and shall not fluctuate with any inflation. The total contract price shall include all charges and expenses incurred by Consultant in performing his obligations both in his own country and in the People's Republic of China and includes the expenses incurred in sending the Technical Documentation to Client's office by all kinds of forms.
In the event of Force Majeure as defined in the Contract, the total contract price shall be readjusted through friendly negotiations between the parties. If Client requires services not contemplated in the Scope of Services the parties shall friendly discuss an amendment to the
total contract price. Any such amendment shall be in writing countersigned by both parties. This document shall then form integral part of the Contract.
3.3 All payments to be made by Client to Consultant under the present Contract shall be made by telegraphic transfer. In case of any payment by Client, the payment shall be effected through__________in China to _________ for the account of Consultant.
In consideration for the services provided by Consultant hereunder, Client shall effect the payment to Consultant in accordance with the following manner and percentage:
3.3.1 _______ percent (________ %) of the total contract price, i.e._____________ (Say: ________ only), shall be paid by Client to Consultant within ________ (____) days after the client has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. One (1) original and two (2) duplicate copies of Consultant's government approval, or a written statement of the competent authorities or relevant agency of Consultant's country certifying that such document is not required;
B. One (1) original and one (1) duplicate copy of Irrevocable Letter of Guarantee for advance payment issued by Consultant's Bank in favor of Client covering_______(Say:________ only), specimen of which is as per Appendix 4;
C. Five (5) copies of profoma invoice covering the total contract price;
D. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
E. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
The said shall be delivered by Consultant not later than ____days after the effective date of the ________present Contract.
3.3.2 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 1, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.3 ________ percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 2, i.e. ___________ (Say: ____________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within ________ (___) days after Licensee has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found themin order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.4 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 3, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.5 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 4, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.6 ________percent (____%) of the Total Contract price , i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
B. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.4 In case Consultant is liable for paying to Client the penalty under the Contract, Client shall have the right to deduct it from any said payment.
3.5 The banking charges of both parties incurred in China for the execution of the Contract shall be borne by Client and those incurred outside China shall be borne by Consultant.
Article 4 Delivery Schedule
4.1 The deadline for the arrival of the Technical service reports CIF _____ are:
A. Technical service report on Item 1 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
B. Technical service report on Item 2 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
C. Technical service report on Item 3 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
D. Technical service report on Item 4 : ________months after effectiveness of the Contract.
4.2 Consultant will inform Client by Fax when the Technical service reports are airmailed to Client indicating the date and number of airway bill. Client will inform Consultant when the Technical service reports have been received.
4.3 Should any document be missing or damaged during the transport Consultant shall be notified accordingly and within two (2) weeks the missing or damaged document shall be replaced by Consultant free of charge.
Article 5 Confidentiality
5.1 All data assembled, developed, compiled, reproduced, studied, and prepared in connection with the work done hereunder and furnished to Consultant by Client shall be considered confidential and shall not be divulged to any person, firm or corporation other than Client or its designated representatives. This Clause shall remain binding on Consultant notwithstanding the termination of the Contract for any reason.
5.2 Within the validity period of Contract, Both parties shall take proper measures to keep the materials or information strictly confidential. The other party shall not disclose or divulge to any third party without prior written consent of one party.
5.3 Either party shall be obliged to keep confidential any secret information of the other party which either party and its personnel may obtain or be accessible to in the course of the performance of Contract. Either party shall not make use of or disclose such secret information obtained from the other party without prior written permission issued by the other party.
Article 6 Taxes and Duties
6.1 All taxes and duties in connection with and in the execution of Contract levied by the Chinese government on Client in accordance with the tax laws of PRC shall be borne by Client.
6.2 All taxes and duties levied by the Chinese government on Consultant, in connection with and in the execution of Contract, according to Chinese tax laws and the agreement between the government of PRC and the government of Consultant's country for the reciprocal avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income shall be borne by Consultant.
Client is legally obliged to withhold, as a withholding agent, the amount of taxes pro rata each taxable payment under Contract and pay them to the relevant Chinese tax authorities. After receiving the tax receipts issued by the relevant Chinese tax authorities for the aforesaid withholding taxes, Client shall forward them to Consultant without undue delay.
6.3 All taxes and duties arising outside PRC in connection with and in the execution of Contract shall be borne by Consultant.
Article 7 Warranty
7.1 Consultant warrants that he has the experience and capability to efficiently and expeditiously perform the services in a satisfactory manner and that the services performed by him under this Contract shall be performed by competent personnel in accordance with accepted standards.
7.2 In the event of a failure of Consultant to provide to Client satisfactory services within the scope of work described in Appendix at any time for any reason within the control of the Consultant, Client may notify Consultant of such dissatisfaction. Consultant shall be afforded a period of days to correct or remedy the matter. Should Consultant within the time afforded by Client fail to correct or remedy the matter to the satisfaction of Client, all charges shall cease forthwith until such time as Consultant is able to provide satisfactory services in accordance with the Scope of work described in Appendix.
7.3 Consultant guarantees to Client that he shall, after receipt of notice from Client, promptly correct at no cost any errors in the services arising out of the negligent performance thereof.
Article 8 Ownership of Technical Service Reports
8.1 Final version of the technical service report submitted to Client and all relevant data such as maps, plans and supporting material compiled in performing the Scope of Services, shall be the property of Client. Such materials shall be sorted and indexed by Consultant prior to transmission to Client.
8.2 Consultant shall be permitted to retain copies thereof, provided however that such materials, including the material furnished by Client as stated in Article 5 of this Contract, shall not be used by Consultant for purposes not related with this Project without the prior written approval of Client.
Article 9 Assignment
9.1 Neither Client nor Consultant shall assign or sublet their rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party.
Article 10 Termination
10.1 If, due to the responsibility of Consultant, the technical service reports have not been delivered at dates according to the delivery schedules as stipulated in Article 4 of the Contract, Consultant shall be obliged to pay to Client penalty for such delay in delivery at the following rates:
A. ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week for the first four weeks;
B. _____ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week from the fifth week to the eighth week;
C. ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week from the ninth week of delay.
Odd days less than one (1) week shall be counted as one (1) week for calculating the liquidated damage.
10.2 The total liquidated damage for late delivery shall not exceed ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price. Payment of the liquidated damage for late delivery shall not release
Consultant from its obligation to deliver technical service reports.
10.3 Client may, without prejudice to any other remedy for Consultant's following breach of Contract, terminate Contract in whole or in part by a written notice of default send to Consultant, if Consultant
A. Fails to deliver any or all of technical service reports within______(____) days after the scheduled delivery date as specified in Article 1; or
B. Fails to make the technical service reports meet the minimum level of Acceptance Standards as specified in Appendix 1.
Consultant shall refund to Client all the payments effected by Client to Consultant plus an interest at the rate of______ percent (____%) per annum in case of such a termination.
10.4 Either party may, without prejudice to any other remedy, terminate Contract in whole or in part by a written notice send to the other party, if the other party.
A. fails to perform its confidentiality obligation under Contract; or
B. fails to perform any other obligations under Contract except minor parts thereof, and does not remedy for its failure within a period of______ (____) days upon receipt of the written notice or a period agreed upon between the parties; or
C. becomes bankrupt or insolvent; or
D.Affected by any event of Force Majeure for more than ______ days.
Article 11 Force Majeure
11.1 Should either party be prevented from performing any of its obligations under Contract due to event of Force Majeure, such as war, serious fire, typhoon, earthquake, flood and any other events which could not be expected, avoided and overcome, the affected party shall notify the other party of its occurrence by fax and send by registered airmail a certificate issued by the competent authorities or agency within fourteen (14) days following its occurrence.
11.2 The affected party shall not be liable for any delay or failure in performing any or all of its obligations due to the event of Force Majeure. However, the affected party shall inform the other party by fax the termination or elimination of the event of Force Majeure without delay.
11.3 Both parties shall proceed with their obligations immediately after the cease of the event of Force Majeure or removal of the effects. The validity period of Contract and/or the scheduled period for relative execution of Contract shall be extended correspondingly.
Article 12 Arbitration
12.1 Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission，Shenzhen Commission for arbitration in accordance with the Commission's arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties and the applicable law is the material law of P.R.C.
12.2 Notwithstanding any reference to arbitration, both Parties shall continue to perform their respective obligations under the Contract unless otherwise agreed.
Article 13 Language and Standards
13.1 Correspondance except this Contract between Client and Consultant, data and documents made available by Client to Consultant and the technical service reports and drawings prepared by Consultant shall be in the English language.
13.2 Measures shall be written in the metric system.
Article 14 Governing Law
14.1 The construction, validity and performance of this Contract shall be governed by the laws of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter 15 Effectiveness of the Contract and Miscellaneous
15.1 Both parties shall make effort to obtain the approval from the respective authorities, if necessary, within thirty (30) days after Contract is signed by the authorized representatives of the two parties. Either Party shall notify in writing the other party of the approval date. The later date of approval shall be taken as the Date of Effectiveness of Contract.
15.2 Contract shall be valid and remain in force for_______(____) years from the Date of Effectiveness.
15.3 The outstanding credit and debt between the parties under Contract shall not be affected upon the termination or expiration of Contract.
舒服英文范文2
关键词：课文复述;具体实施;纠错
一、课文复述在英语教学中的意义
1.英语教学实际的需要
人教版教材以话题为单位，在教材处理上教师往往着重文章的分析，知识点的讲解，为此占用了大量的课堂时间;而单词的背诵、知识点的记忆也花费了学生大量的时间和精力，教师疲于讲，学生疲于记，可时隔两单元学生对于学过的内容非常模糊，甚至毫无印象。高中教材阅读篇幅长，不适于整篇背诵;选择段落背诵又割裂了文章的整体性。
2.符合新课标的要求
《义务教育英语课程标准》对学生的语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识都提出了更高的要求。复述课文有利于培养学生的综合语言运用能力。
二、教学中的具体实施
1.最简单的“原汁原味”
摘选好的原句便于学生理解知识点的使用和句式的模仿。
例：必修一Unit 1 Anne’s best friend
I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I have grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
2.图片复述法
例：必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes第一段描述地震前自然界的反常景象，如闪电，井沿裂缝，井水上溢。Pre-reading恰好有符合课文描述的图片。第二、三、四段描述地震后破坏和救援的情景，我下载汶川大地震的图片配合关键词如ruins， be injured， be destroyed等帮助学生完成复述。
3.表格复述法
即用表格呈现文章脉络，适用于说明类文章如必修3 Unit1 Festivals around the world介绍古代节日的起源，涉及节日名称多，文化背景知识繁多，适宜设计表格帮助学生理解文章并完成复述。
4.关键词提示法
对于课文结构脉络不太明显，内容又多的文章，可提取关键词帮助学生把握主旨大意，像必修一Unit 4 Earthquake文章可分地震前（预兆）、中（毁坏）、后（救援），分别让学生找名词、数字、动词进行复述。
5.线索复述法
对于以时间，地点转移或故事发展为线索的文章，如必修2 Unit 3 computer可根据时间线索完成计算机发展史的复述。
6.流程图记忆法
如必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relics介绍俄罗斯稀世珍宝琥珀屋。可用流程图呈现几位国王对琥珀屋的不同用途，以协助记忆完成复述。
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7.故事接龙复述法
适用于情节较强的记叙文，例：必修3 Unit 3 healthy Eating 综合技能涉及牛郎织女的故事可以用此方法复述。
8.角色扮演复述法
如必修2 Unit 2 the Olympic Games 中The Story of Atlanta讲述希腊经典神话故事，学生扮演公主Atlanta，年轻人Hippomenes和国王，兴趣盎然地完成了文章复述，甚至续演了故事结局。
三、复述应注意的问题
1.授予方法，正确引导
教师协助学生理清文章脉络，从整体上认识文章，如帮助学生找出文章主题句或通过上下文内在含义归纳大意等。
2.不同层次，不同内容，区别对待
也就是不同层次的学生要有不同的复述要求。不同的教学内容要用不同的复述形式，实现因材施教。
3.适时纠错，给予信心
学生复述过程中出现的错误不要中途打断，等复述完毕后更正;尽量采用间接方法纠错，以免挫伤学生积极性，多鼓励、表扬，给学生创造体验成功的机会。
4.注意合作，提高效率
融洽的师生关系是有效教学的前提，教师在学生复述时，要善于察言观色，注意师生之间的密切配合，让学生各抒己见，互相探讨。
复述课文有利于促进“师―生―教材”三位一体。课文复述为学生提供了锻炼语言表达能力的机会和展示自我的舞台。通常，学生都有较强的表现欲，渴望老师和同学们的认可和赏识。通过不断的复述实践，他们会渐渐爱上这个舞台，进而提高学习英语的积极性和自信心。课文复述是促进英语学习的有效方法，这种综合性强而又富有创造性的活动形式，教师在平常教学过程中合理地加以利用，对于培养学生言语表达能力是十分重要的。
舒服英文范文3
目的：观察术中温生理盐水冲洗腹腔对妇科腹腔镜手术病人术后康复的影响。方法：将76例妇科腹腔镜手术病人随机分为实验组和对照组各38例，实验组病人术中用恒温箱中38 ℃生理盐水冲洗，对照组病人术中按常规给予室温下保管的生理盐水冲洗。比较两组病人术中体温变化、术后排气情况、术后创口及肩部疼痛程度以及住院时间，并作统计学处理。结果 ：实验组术中体温稳定、术后排气出现早、疼痛评分低、不适主诉少，与对照组比较，差异有显著性。结论：术中温生理盐水冲洗能更有效地促进妇科腹腔镜手术病人的术后康复。
【关键词】 妇科 腹腔镜手术 腹腔冲洗 术后康复
与开腹手术比较，腹腔镜手术以其手术效果好、患者痛苦少、恢复快、微创等优点得到日益广泛的应用，并有取代开腹手术之趋势。但其手术的重大心理、生理应激、二氧化碳气腹状态下的压力影响、术后疼痛不适、术后并发症等仍然是影响病人恢复的重要原因。为了改善上述情况，从而更好的促进腹腔镜病人的术后康复，我院通过对妇科腹腔镜病人术中用室温下生理盐水和恒温箱中38 ℃生理盐水冲洗的比较研究，探讨后者的临床价值。现将结果报告如下。
1 临床资料
1.1 一般资料 自2007年3月-2008年2月间，选取本院妇科因附件巧克力囊肿、畸胎瘤行腹腔镜手术的病人76例（均系同一位医师主刀），年龄17～53岁。随机分为观察和对照组各38例，实验组术中用恒温箱中38 ℃生理盐水冲洗，对照组术中按常规给予室温下保管的生理盐水冲洗。两组病人在年龄、手术前准备、麻醉方式、手术操作方法、手术时间、术中用气量、术后处理及手术种类等方面差异均无显著性，术前肝肾功能正常，无重大心肺疾患及代谢紊乱。两组病人在腹腔镜手术结束前均行盆腔彻底冲洗，冲洗液量为1 000～4 500 mL。
1.2 方法 将手术室温度控制在24 ℃，相对湿度为40%～60%。手术采用气管插管全身麻醉，二氧化碳气腹压力设定为13 mmHg，手术为头低脚高位。实验组病人术中用恒温箱中38 ℃生理盐水冲洗，对照组病人术中按常规给予室温下保管的22～24 ℃生理盐水冲洗。
1.3 观察项目 ①术前、术毕体温比较；②术后肠蠕动恢复时间；③腹部、肩部疼痛评分（采用数字分级法NRS，将疼痛程度从轻到重分为0～10分，由病房责任护士评估）；④并发症发生情况及住院时间，并发症包括麻醉意外、电热损伤、血管损伤、脏器损伤等。
1.4 统计学处理方法 采用t检验。
2 结果
2.1 手术前后的体温变化 见表1。
2.2 术后排气时间、疼痛评分及住院时间 见表2。
2.3 并发症发生情况 仅对照组发生1例肠管损伤，经外科医师会诊后予以修补，术后延长禁食时间，恢复良好。
3 讨论
3.1 手术前后的体温变化 手术对病人是一种重大的心理、生理应激过程，心理上的恐惧和生理上的创伤直接影响病人的术后康复。围手术期常发生低体温（34 ℃
有研究表明，加强围手术期低体温护理如输注加温液体、手术台铺电热毯等，也有报告前列腺电切或膀胱肿瘤电切时加温冲洗液后冲洗膀胱，可改善病人低体温及凝血功能障碍等。而本研究中的大量温生理盐水冲洗腹腔减少了病人热量的丢失，维护了肠腔的正常体温，使病人术中生命体征稳定，术后寒战发生率降低。
3.2 排气时间、疼痛评分及住院时间比较 手术后疼痛是伤害性刺激如组织损伤及疾病本身病理改变所引起的一种机体反射性的复杂的生理反应和感知，是手术操作造成的直接组织损伤、神经损伤和继发于组织损伤后炎症反应传入的结果，造成机体各系统一系列的病理生理改变和心理、行为的变化，从而直接影响病人术后的恢复情况。腹腔镜术后疼痛的组成复杂，包括腹壁伤口痛、深部脏器痛及肩痛三种类型。而大量的温生理盐水彻底冲洗盆腔，可以清除血液、渗出物、异物、电灼后的坏死物，特别对畸胎瘤中的脂肪组织起溶解作用，利于清除，防止脂肪组织黏附于肠管上，进而减轻炎性反应，冲洗液进入体内时的温度与体温大致相等，刺激降低，使病人术后疼痛减轻。反复盆腔冲洗还可使腹腔压力忽高忽低，造成膈肌反复紧张-松弛-紧张活动，这类似于放松肌肉的活动，也可使上腹及肩部疼痛减轻[3]。而38 ℃生理盐水对肠腔体温的维护，加上炎性反应的减轻，疼痛评分的降低，有利于病人的早期活动，使术后肠麻痹发生率大大降低，从而有利于肠蠕动提早恢复。
结果发现，上述措施有效地防止了腹腔镜病人术中体温下降和热能丢失，保持术中体温恒定，使术后排气时间提早，疼痛减轻，有利于正常饮食、活动，并可早日康复出院。但对于腹腔镜下卵巢肿瘤剥出术病人，在病灶剥出后卵巢表面凝血过程中，应予以冷生理盐水冲洗以冷却卵巢表面组织，保护卵巢剩余组织的功能。
参考文献
[1] 赵书娥，尹灵朔，赵莉.围手术期低温及其护理[J].国外医学:护理学分册，1999，18(1):12-13.
舒服英文范文4
2. do you do?
3. grade are you in ?
4. are you going ?
5. your last name ?
6. is your English teacher ?
7. are you going to buy for your daughter?
8. books are there on the desk? Daniel’s.
9. books are there on the desk? Three.
10. are you? 13.
11. is it? Sixty yuan.
12. is it now? It’s 7:00p.m.
13. can I go to the cinema? By bus.
14. one is yours? The yellow one.
15 is your mother? She is well.
16. milk is there in the glass? A little.
17. is on duty today?
18. is the girl under the tree?
19. is your new coat? Black.
20. do you do your homework every day? For two hours.
21. shall we leave? What about 8:00a.m.
舒服英文范文5
一、复习目标
1、通过复习将小数四则运算加以系统整理，加深理解小数的意义、性质，小数乘法和除法的意义，熟练地进行小数乘法和除法的笔算和简单的口算，进一步提高整数、小数四则混合运算的能力。
2、会用字母表示数，表示常见的数量关系，初步理解方程的含义，会解简易方程。
3、在掌握用算术方法解应用题的基础上，会列方程解两、三步计算的应用题，能够根据应用题的具体情况灵活地选用算术解决和方程式的解法。
4、在复习过程中，能根据解决问题的需求，收集有用的信息，进行归纳、类比与猜测、发展初步的合情推理能力。能表达解决问题的过程并尝试解释所得的结果。体验数学与日常生活密切相关，认识许多实际问题可以借助数学方法来解决，并可借助数学语言来表述和交流。
二、复习题型
（一）基础知识
1、填空。2、判断。3、选择。
（二）计算。
1、口算。2、竖式计算及验算；3、简便计算；4、小数四则混合运算；5、解简易方程；6、文字题。
（三）操作部分。
1、公顷与平方千米。2、测量的有关知识。3、实际应用。
（四）应用题
1、解题思路。2、列方程解应用题或算术方法解应用题。3、适当加深题。
三、复习策略建议
1、强化目标意识。复习时要树立目标意识，在认真学习新课程标准，钻研教材的基础上，能结合本班学生实际，在教材的知识结构和学生认知结构的结合点上下力气，花功夫。复习时既有共同基本要求，又有“一把钥匙开一把锁”的个别辅导，从而真正使所有学生通过系统的复习，使知识得到巩固，数学素质得到提高。
2、在复习计算部分时，既要重视基础知识的基本技能，又不能停留在让学生死记硬背、照搬硬套。而应该看作是训练思维，发展智能，激发兴趣，培养正确学习习惯的过程。（1）重视口算。（2）弄清算理与法则。（3）掌握运算定律与性质：复习时应引导学生进行归类，弄清使用的前提条件，同时要求学生能自觉地根据题目结构的特征进行简算。（4）在复习过程中，要注意根据新课程标准的要求把握尺度。先澄清学生对运算法则、性质、定律等基础知识方面的模糊认识，再组织练习，老师应不断了解反馈信息，及时点拨评讲。一方面使学生经常体验到成功的喜悦，激发复习计算知识的兴趣，另一方面能针对学生的缺陷帮助剖析错因，教给纠正方法，减少出现类似失误。
3、复习土地面积计算时：（1）沟通联系形成网络，应帮助学生把零散的几何知识纵横沟通起来。形成一个合理的几何系统，以便学生从整体结构来认识单个知识。（2）深化理解，提高能力，领悟数学思想，会联系生活经验对结果进行估算检验。（3）操作实践、动手操作技能是学生的薄弱环节，复习时应指导学生正确使用有关工具，掌握正确的操作方法。新晨
4、复习简易方程时：（1）用字母表示数，复习时先明确“字母”和“数”的含义。（2）解简易方程：辨析等式与方程，方程的解与解方程等有关概念，掌握四则运算之间的关系。（3）列方程解应用题：复习时，要让学生抓住特点，理清一般解题步骤注意与算术解法的区别。解题时要注意方法的灵活性。
舒服英文范文6
【关键词】复述课文；综合训练；自信心；培养能力
复述课文是外语教学中的一种综合训练，是培养学生运用外语能力的有效手段。在英语教学中科学地指导学生复述课文，为学生提供施展语言才能的机会，使学生不断提高学习兴趣，增强大胆实践的信心，有助于提高学生概括和整理语言的能力，从而把语言知识转化为言语接触，巩固所学知识。在复述过程中既要注意语言的结构形式，又要注意语言的内容。因此，复述是学生识记，掌握语言知识，并使其转化为实际运用能力的一种行之有效的方法。复述作为一种综合性较强，而又富有创造性的训练形式，在整个中学外语教学中起着不可忽视的重要作用。
复述课文对培养学生的自信心，提高学生学习外语的兴趣都大有好处。复述在训练学生口头语言表达能力的同时，也训练了学生的多种思维品质。一般来说，学生都有较强的自我表现欲，并希望得到老师和同学们的认可和赏识。复述正利用了学生这种心理，给学生提供了表现自我，展示能力的机会。通过复述，学生口头语言表达能力得到了提高，同时又促进了听、读、写三种能力的发展，从而增强了学习的自信心，更自觉愉快地参与到学习中去，真正成为学习的主人。
一、复述课文可以强化学生学习英语的主动性
复述课文是以课文为基本依据的，理解课文中的单词、短语、句子就成了起码的要求。单词、短语、句子读不通，课文就读不懂，更谈不上复述了，因而复述课文就要求学生对单词、短语、句子等由于英语知识不能只停留在理解上，还必须能正确地运用；不仅能运用新学的英语知识，还必须调动以往所学的英语知识。从这个意义上说，复述课文对学生英语知识的学习和运用起到强化作用。因此教师就要创设情景，活跃气氛，增强学生的参与意识，激发他们主动开口的欲望。学生是学习的主体，学生参与度的高低与教学效果成正比。而学生因个性差异在课堂上的表现各不相同。有些学生性格开朗，善于表现自己；有些学生性格内向，或基础较差，或有先天的发音缺陷而产生不同程度的自卑心理，不敢开口说英语，怕暴漏自己的缺陷与不足。这种心理导致学生眼中的焦虑感，而焦虑感与学生的口语水平通常呈负相关，焦虑感越强，口语水平就越低。 因此，在教学过程中，用“听”的方法来充分调动学生的听觉器官，让他们感知课文材料，理解课文的主旨。在放录音，让学生听课文的同时，要求他们找出课文的或每段的关键词。放完录音，让学生看黑板，在黑板上列出关键的词语和词组，利用提示的单词和词组，让学生先自己复述一遍，然后跟老师复述第二遍。让学生边看黑板边复述，这样，由词串句，由句串段，由段及篇，逐步扩展。最后让学生独立复述，卡壳时给与适当地提示。一旦学生开始说英语，教师就应给予鼓励，激发他们的成就感，树立他们主动开口的信心，使之逐渐形成说英语的习惯。
二、复述课文有利于培养学生阅读、说话等各方面的能力
复述课文是指让学生把课文的内容用自己的话说出来。因而这一训练本身首先就要求学生必须认真阅读课文、熟悉课文内容，达到阅读的认知层次。即通过对语言这一物质外壳的认识，去获得课文所提供的大量信息，对文章的基本内容和特点有一个完整的、粗略的感知。要想复述好课文，则必须对课文的内容和形式有一定的了解，知道该文重点写了哪些材料，文章的顺序及体裁，主要表达的意思等等。这样，学生在别无选择的基础上，强制性地去阅读课文，理解课文，从而也使学生的阅读能力得到锻炼和提高。
就复述来说，通过不断地练习，复述的效率会更高，通过复述课文，可以让学生掌握正确的语音语调，把握语速、语流，连贯性和流畅性，掌握说英语的种种技巧，从而迅速提高口语表达能力。其次，复述课文并不是机械地重复课文，而是用自己的语言说出课文的内容，它是一种创造性的活动。而这种创造活动又是有据可依的，课文的语言已为复述者提供了一个榜样，或者说一种模式。所以可以说复述课文就成了提高学生特别是基础较差的学生说话能力的阶梯。
三、复述课文可以强化理解和记忆水平
要将看到或读到的英语课文的主要内容完整、准确地表述出来，学生首先要理解课文内容。为此，他们必须专心于所看、所读的材料，努力去掌握足够的信息要点，并将其储存，记忆一些重要的内容，如关键词、时间、地点、人物、事件的发展，以便使自己能够准确无误地复述。
学生想要复述好课文，首先要熟练掌握课文内容，要联系以前学过的语言知识，运用新学的词汇、句型和习语，注意语法结构运用合理的想象，重新构思安排情节，对语言材料加以改造。在新旧语言知识的串连过程中，不仅锻炼和提高了正确处理语言的能力，还锻炼了学生有意记忆、归纳概括的能力，并促进了思维的发展，同时还可以达到复习巩固的目的。能复述出课文的大意，即是记住了所学的短语、语言点等等，因此说复述的过程实际是理解和记忆的过程，学生将自己看到或读到的语言信息输入大脑，经过认知、对比、分析、理解、记忆、等一系列的思维活动，对语言进行加工，然后复述出来。在对课文内容和语境理解及记忆的基础上，展开课文语言知识的教学。从课文语言形式角度进一步分析和学习课文，体现词句关系， 同时可以通过上下文用英语解释英语。此外，对于课文中重复出现的语言知识，要利用课文语境体现知识点的用法，从而加深记忆，使运用能力得到升华。新语言知识的呈现更要在语境中掌握，密切结合学生生活的实际，使之形象化，易于理解和记忆。
在这个过程中，无论是词语的选择，还是句子的组织，都是理解能力的体现。学生通过复述可以增加词汇量，掌握单词、短语、句型的实际用法和各项语法规则；可以强化对新知识的记忆、巩固，并把新旧知识有机结合加以运用，使英语知识日趋丰富，从而为英语综合能力的提高奠定坚实的基础。
四、复述课文可以使“哑巴英语”变为“交际英语”
英语作为一项交际工具，有口头语与书面语两种形式。英语教学的目的就在于培养学生实际应用语言的能力，学会用口语和书面语表情达意。然而，我们的学生在学习英语过程中，往往只重视语法知识的积累，忽略表达能力的培养，特别是口头表达能力更令人担忧。他们虽然熟悉语法，却不能得体表达；他们虽能熟读课文，甚至背诵许多语言材料，却不能在必要时用于交际。因此，课堂上应多开展意义和形式相联系的活动，将语言知识的传授、语言技能的训练与交际能力的培养结合起来。教师应该在课内注重营造语言环境，指导学生进行语言实践，促使语言表达能力的形成。
教学活动是师生间的双边活动。教师应充分当好导演的角色，善于发挥学生的主体作用，创造相应的氛围，以唤起学生的学习兴趣，激发学生的求知欲。老师把枯燥无味的单词、句型，通过一定语法编成富有意义或趣味无穷的短文，然后可让学生模仿着复述，渐渐过渡到鼓励学生用各自的思维方式进行复述。在一般情况下，复述以一个人为主。但有时课文内容较长，要求基础较差的学生复述整篇课文有一定难度。这时，便可采用“接力”复述这种形式。复述为学生提供说的机会，体现了外语教学的交际性，复述彻底地把“哑巴英语”变成“交际英语”。这种做法体现著名语言学家别利亚耶夫的自觉实践法。自觉实践法注意外语教学的交际性原则。外语教学必须从口语开始，因为口头交际是语言的重要功能。要整句教，因为人们进行交际，用的是句子，掌握了句子，才能更好地进行交际。要利用情景教外语，在情景当中学外语，说外语，才能更好地学会使用外语，并培养用外语进行思维的能力。
列如：在教学GO FOR IT BOOKII（B） Unit 3的课文Do you remember what you were doing ？中，设计的问题如下：
When was Dr. Martin Luther King killed？
What was Robert Allen doing when he heard the news？
How did Robert feel when he walked home with his friends？
When was the World Trade Centre destroyed by terrorists？
When did man first walk on the moon？
Who became the first Chinese astronaut in space？
How long did he stay in space？